Which term refers to species that inhabit an area in later stages of ecological succession?

The term that refers to species that inhabit an area in later stages of ecological succession is known as climax species. These species are typically well-adapted to the environmental conditions of the mature ecosystem and often dominate the community. In ecological succession, areas go through various stages, starting from barren environments or disturbed areas (which are typically colonized by pioneer species) and gradually progressing to a more stable and mature ecosystem, represented by climax species.

Climax species are characterized by a diverse and complex community that has reached a stable state, where species composition remains relatively constant over time unless disrupted by significant environmental changes or disturbances. Unlike pioneer species, which are the first to colonize a new or disturbed habitat, climax species thrive in the mature ecosystem where they contribute to biodiversity and ecological balance. Their establishment is crucial for maintaining the health of the environment and supporting other organisms within the ecosystem.

In contrast, invasive species are non-native organisms that can disrupt existing ecosystems, keystone species have a disproportionate effect on their environment relative to their abundance, and pioneer species are important for starting the process of succession but are typically found in the early stages of ecosystem development.