Which term describes the systematic changes in an ecosystem over time?

The term that describes the systematic changes in an ecosystem over time is succession. Succession refers to the process whereby ecosystems undergo a predictable series of changes, ultimately leading to a stable community or climax ecosystem. This process can occur after disturbances such as fires, floods, or human activities that alter the environment.

There are two primary types of succession: primary succession, which occurs in lifeless areas where soil has not yet formed (like after a volcanic eruption), and secondary succession, which takes place in areas where an ecosystem has been disturbed but soil and some organisms still remain (like after a forest fire).

Understanding succession is crucial for ecology because it illustrates how ecosystems respond to disturbance, how biodiversity is established, and the factors that lead to the development of various habitats over time.