Which of the following is an effective method to reduce non-point source pollution?

Implementing best management practices in agriculture is recognized as an effective method for reducing non-point source pollution. These practices involve a range of strategies designed to manage agricultural runoff and minimize its impact on surrounding ecosystems. By adopting techniques such as contour farming, crop rotation, cover cropping, and reduced tillage, farmers can improve soil health and protect water quality. These methods help to prevent erosion and limit the excess nutrients and sediments that enter waterways, thereby reducing the pollution that arises from agricultural activities.

In contrast, building more roads and expanding urban areas can contribute to greater runoff and increase pollution levels, as impervious surfaces do not allow water to soak into the ground and can transport more pollutants into water bodies. Increasing fertilizer usage typically exacerbates the problem of nutrient runoff, as excess fertilizers can wash away during rainfall, leading to eutrophication in nearby water sources. Therefore, using best management practices in agriculture stands out as the most proactive approach to mitigate non-point source pollution effectively.