What role does the xylem play in plant physiology?

The xylem plays a crucial role in the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to various parts of the plant, including the stems and leaves. This function is essential for several physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, which relies on a steady supply of water. The movement of water through the xylem occurs via a process called transpiration, where water evaporates from the leaves, creating a negative pressure that pulls more water upward from the roots. This not only helps maintain plant hydration but also enables nutrient uptake and contributes to the overall health of the plant.

In contrast, glucose transport is primarily the responsibility of the phloem, which distributes the sugars produced during photosynthesis. Nutrient storage typically occurs in different structures within the plant, such as roots, not specifically within the xylem. Additionally, the conversion of sunlight into chemical energy is a function of chlorophyll in the leaves during photosynthesis, rather than something facilitated by xylem cells.