What is the function of phloem in a plant?

The function of phloem in a plant is primarily to transport the products of photosynthesis, such as glucose, from the leaves, where they are produced, to other parts of the plant, including roots and growing tissues. This process of transporting nutrients is essential for the plant's growth and energy distribution. While phloem does move some nutrients downward, its primary role is the movement of food (sugars) synthesized during photosynthesis.

This function is distinct from that of xylem, which is responsible for transporting water and minerals absorbed from the soil upward to the leaves. The ability of phloem to transport nutrients both upward and downward reflects its versatility rather than a primary role in water transport. Phloem is not involved in storage, outer bark formation, or primarily transporting water, which further clarifies its specific function in the plant.