What is cambium responsible for in plants?

Cambium is a vital tissue layer in vascular plants, responsible for the production of new cells that contribute to the growth of xylem and phloem. This tissue is located between the xylem (which transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant) and the phloem (which carries sugars and nutrients produced through photosynthesis throughout the plant). The cambium is a type of lateral meristem, meaning it facilitates secondary growth, allowing the plant to increase in girth. As cells are formed from the cambium, they differentiate into either xylem or phloem, enabling the plant to enhance its vascular system and support greater growth and nutrient transportation as it ages.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different functions: photosynthesis is carried out primarily in leaves, not by cambium; the growth of new leaves is more directly related to other meristematic tissues; and while transportation of nutrients does involve xylem and phloem, it is not the primary function of cambium itself. The unique role of cambium in forming new vascular tissues is essential for the overall health and development of the plant.